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Calcium (Ca)

Calcium (Ca)

Elemental calcium was discovered in 1808. This alkaline earth metal is the fifth most abundant in the Earth's crust and is found in leaves, bones, teeth, and shells.

Never found uncombined in nature, it can occur as limestone, gypsum, and fluorite. The rather hard metal has a silvery color, forms a white coating in air, reacts with water, and burns with a yellow-red flame.

Both natural and prepared compounds are widely used. Calcium oxide, when mixed with sand, hardens mortar and plaster, and calcium from limestone is a key ingredient in Portland cement. Other important compounds are carbide, chloride, cyanamide, hypochlorite, nitrate, and sulfide.

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