CD204 Monoclonal Antibody (PSL204), PE-Cyanine7, eBioscience™, Invitrogen™

Description

This monoclonal antibody PSL204 reacts with human CD204, also known as Macrophage Scavenger Receptor 1 (MSR1), Scavenger Receptor Type A (SR-A), or SCARA1. It is expressed by multiple populations of macrophages and dendritic cells. CD204 belongs to the class A family of scavenger receptors, a group of five homotrimetric transmembrane proteins that contain a short cytoplasmic tail and extracellular C -terminus. Other members of this family include: MARCO (SCARA2), CSR (SCARA3), SRCL (SCARA4) and SCARA5. CD204 binds and internalizes oxidized low density lipoproteins (LDL), which drives macrophage differentiation into foam cells, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and development of atherosclerotic lesions. In addition to oxidized LDL, CD204 binds and uptakes a wide variety of macromolecules, including bacterial cell wall components, viral DNA, calciprotein complexes, apoptotic cells, and beta-amyloid fibrils. This broad binding specificity implicates CD204-expressing macrophages in a number of physiological processes and pathologies, such as host defense, inflammation, bone remodeling, atherosclerosis, sepsis, and Alzheimer's disease. In humans, CD204 exists as 3 splice variants. The more ubiquitous full length isoform (type I, SR-AI), a shorter isoform (type II, SR-AII) that lacks the C-terminal cysteine-rich domain, and the shortest isoform (type III, SR-AIII).

CD204 gene encodes the class A macrophage scavenger receptors, which include three different types (1, 2, 3) generated by alternative splicing of this gene. These receptors or isoforms are macrophage-specific trimeric integral membrane glycoproteins and have been implicated in many macrophage-associated physiological and pathological processes including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and host defense. The isoforms type 1 and type 2 are functional receptors and are able to mediate the endocytosis of modified low density lipoproteins (LDLs). The isoform type 3 does not internalize modified LDL (acetyl-LDL) despite having the domain shown to mediate this function in the types 1 and 2 isoforms. It has an altered intracellular processing and is trapped within the endoplasmic reticulum, making it unable to perform endocytosis. The isoform type 3 can inhibit the function of isoforms type 1 and type 2 when co-expressed, indicating a dominant negative effect and suggesting a mechanism for regulation of scavenger receptor activity in macrophages. Diseases associated with MSR1 include Barrett Esophagus and Prostate Cancer.